Deep Earth Dynamics and Australian Paleogeography
Our paper "Integrating deep Earth dynamics in paleogeographic reconstructions of Australia" is now available in its final version as corrected proof under this DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.028 or, alternatively, here.
The paper comes with two animations as supplements which are linked below
but also downloadable from
this FTP directory (full size, 14 and 13 MB, respectively). For a full
explanation of the animations please refer to the paper.
Animation 1 shows our modelled dynamic topography for Australia for the
past 70 Ma.
Animation 2 shows our modelled paleogeography for Australia for the past 70 Ma, including the effects of plate motions, mantle convection and eustatic sea level changes.
Tectonophysics paper in press
Our Tectonophysics paper "Integrating deep Earth dynamics in paleogeographic
reconstructions of Australia" is in press and available through Sciencedirect
under the following DOI:
10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.028.
Pre-print versions of the paper are available on
request.
Tectonophysics paper accepted for publication
Our paper "Integrating deep Earth dynamics in paleogeographic reconstructions of Australia" authored by Heine, Steinberger, Müller and DiCaprio was accepted for publication in a Tectonophysics special volume edited by Nick Rawlinson and Wouter Schellart. There are two animations accompanying the paper which can readily be accessed:
- Animation of dynamic topography, using the s20rts mantle tomography model and modified backward advection. View here (7.5 MB).
- The evolution of Australia's paleogeography during the past 70 Ma, integrating dynamic topography, eustatic sea level changes and sedimentation. View here (5 MB).
Both animations require Apple's QuickTime Player
Abstract
It is well documented that the Cenozoic progressive flooding of Australia,
contemporaneous with a eustatic sea level fall, requires a downward tilting
of the Australian Plate towards the SE Asian subduction system. Previously,
this large-scale, mantle-convection driven dynamic topography effect has
been approximated by computing the time-dependent vertical shifts and
tilts of a plane, but the observed subsidence and uplift anomalies
indicate a more complex interplay between time-dependent mantle convection
and plate motion. We combine plate kinematics with a global mantle
backward-advection model based on shear-wave mantle tomography,
paleogeographic data, eustatic sea level estimates and basin stratigraphy
to reconstruct the Australian flooding history for the last 70 Myrs on a
continental scale. We compute time-dependent dynamic surface topography
and continental inundation of a digital elevation model adjusted for
sediment accumulation. Our model reveals two evolving dynamic topography
lows, over which the Australian plate has progressively moved. We
interpret the southern low to be caused by sinking slab material with an
origin along the eastern Gondwana subduction zone in the Cretaceous,
whereas the northern low, which first straddles northern Australia in the
Oligocene, is mainly attributable to material subducted north and northeast
of Australia. Our model accounts for the Paleogene exposure of the Gulf of
Carpentaria region at a time when sea level was much higher than today,
and explains anomalous Late Tertiary subsidence on Australia's northern,
western and southern margins. The resolution of our model, which excludes
short-wavelength mantle density anomalies and is restricted to depths
larger than 200 km, is not sufficient to model the two well recorded
episodes of major transgressions in South Australia in the Eocene and
Miocene. However, the overall, long-wavelength spatio-temporal pattern of
Australia's inundation record is well captured by combining our modelled
dynamic topography with a recent eustatic sea level curve. We suggest
that the apparent Late Cenozoic northward tilting of Australia was a
stepwise function of South Australia first moving away northwards from the
Gondwana subduction-related dynamic topography low in the Oligocene, now
found under the Australian-Antarctic Discordance, followed by a drawing
down of northern Australia as it overrode a slab burial ground now
underlying much of the northern half of Australia, starting in the
Miocene. Our model suggests that today's geography of Australia is
strongly dependent on mantle forces. Without mantle convection, which
draws Australia down by up to 300 m, nearly all of Australia's continental
shelves would be exposed. We conclude that dissecting the interplay
between eustasy and mantle-driven dynamic topography is critical for
understanding hinterland uplift, basin subsidence, the formation and
destruction of shallow epeiric seas and their facies distribution, but
also for the evolution of petroleum systems.
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